Managing state in Elixir typically involves using processes to encapsulate state and handle it through message passing. Consider using GenServer for stateful processes and ETS for efficient in-memory storage.

In Elixir, managing state effectively is a fundamental aspect of building reliable applications. Due to the language's functional nature, where data is immutable, state management relies heavily on processes. One of the most common ways to handle state is through the use of GenServer, a behavior module that abstracts the process management for you. GenServer allows you to encapsulate state within a process, handling state changes via message passing. When you send a message to a GenServer, it can perform actions based on the current state and return updated results. This pattern not only helps in maintaining state but also promotes concurrency and fault tolerance, as each process operates independently. In addition to GenServer, you can utilize ETS (Erlang Term Storage) for managing larger sets of data in-memory. ETS tables provide a powerful way to store and access state efficiently across different processes, making them suitable for applications requiring fast data retrieval. However, keep in mind that ETS tables are not persistent, so they should be used in conjunction with persistent storage options when necessary. By leveraging GenServer for stateful processes and ETS for efficient data storage, you can effectively manage state in your Elixir applications, ensuring high performance and maintainability.